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  • Selecting a Heat Pump 2022-10-24
    Every residential heat pump sold in this country has an EnergyGuide label, which displays the heat pump's heating and cooling efficiency performance rating, comparing it to other available makes and models. Heating efficiency for air-source electric heat pumps is indicated by the heating season performance factor (HSPF), which is a measure over an average heating season of the total heat provided to the conditioned space, expressed in Btu, divided by the total electrical energy consumed by the heat pump system, expressed in watt-hours. Cooling efficiency is indicated by the seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER), which is a measure over an average cooling season of the total heat removed from the conditioned space, expressed in Btu, divided by the total electrical energy consumed by the heat pump, expressed in watt-hours. In general, the higher the HSPF and SEER, the higher the cost of the unit. However, the energy savings can return the higher initial investment several times during ...
  • Performance Issues with Heat Pumps 2022-11-02
    Heat pumps can have problems with low airflow, leaky ducts, and incorrect refrigerant charge. There should be about 400 to 500 cubic feet per minute (cfm) airflow for each ton of the heat pump's air-conditioning capacity. Efficiency and performance deteriorate if airflow is much less than 350 cfm per ton. Technicians can increase the airflow by cleaning the evaporator coil or increasing the fan speed, but often some modification of the ductwork is needed. See minimizing energy losses in ducts and insulating ducts. Refrigeration systems should be leak-checked at installation and during each service call. Packaged heat pumps are charged with refrigerant at the factory, and are seldom incorrectly charged. Split-system heat pumps, on the other hand, are charged in the field, which can sometimes result in either too much or too little refrigerant. Split-system heat pumps that have the correct refrigerant charge and airflow usually perform very close to manufacturer's listed SEER and HSPF. T...
  • Ductless, mini-split-system heat pump 2022-11-02
    Ductless, mini-split-system heat pumps (mini-splits) make good retrofit add-ons to houses with "non-ducted" heating systems, such as hydronic (hot water heat), radiant panels, and space heaters (wood, kerosene, propane). They can also be a good choice for room additions where extending or installing distribution ductwork is not feasible, and for very efficient new homes that require only a small space conditioning system. Be sure to choose an ENERGY STAR® compliant unit and hire an installer familiar with the product and its installation. Like standard air-source heat pumps, mini-splits have two main components -- an outdoor compressor/condenser and an indoor air-handling unit. A conduit, which houses the power cable, refrigerant tubing, suction tubing, and a condensate drain, links the outdoor and indoor units.
  • Geothermal heat pumps (GHPs) 2022-11-02
    Geothermal heat pumps (GHPs), sometimes referred to as GeoExchange, earth-coupled, ground-source, or water-source heat pumps, have been in use since the late 1940s. They use the relatively constant temperature of the earth as the exchange medium instead of the outside air temperature.  Although many parts of the country experience seasonal temperature extremes -- from scorching heat in the summer to sub-zero cold in the winter—a few feet below the earth's surface the ground remains at a relatively constant temperature. Depending on latitude, ground temperatures range from 45°F (7°C) to 75°F (21°C). Like a cave, this ground temperature is warmer than the air above it during the winter and cooler than the air in the summer. The GHP takes advantage of these more favorable temperatures to become high efficient by exchanging heat with the earth through a ground heat exchanger. As with any heat pump, geothermal and water-source heat pumps are able to heat, cool, an...
  • A leading London University installed eTRV+ with PAIR in their student halls of residence and made energy savings of 30%. 2022-11-07
    A leading London University installed eTRV+ with PAIR in their student halls of residence and made energy savings of 30%. The University had been using their building management system to control the heating, with temperature control via TRV’s in each bedroom, the kitchen and corridors. The system provided two heating periods, switching on in the morning and evening and remaining off in the afternoon and overnight. eTRV+ was initially fitted in student’s bedrooms, and then extended into corridors and kitchens to provide balanced temperature control throughout the building. Bedrooms and were set to 19°c, with the boost facility to 21°c. Corridors were set to 16°c and kitchens to 19°c. PAIR was installed in bedrooms to detect occupancy. If a student left their room for longer than one hour, eTRV+ would decrease the temperature to the low setting (16°c). eTRV+ includes a Sleep facility, that provides the option to reduce heating further during longer period...
  • Thermostatic radiator valve-- eTRV 2022-11-07
    A thermostatic radiator valve (TRV) is a self-regulating valve fitted to hot water heating system radiator, to control the temperature of a room by changing the flow of hot water to the radiator. The classic thermostatic radiator valve contains a plug, typically made of wax (forming a wax motor), which expands or contracts with the surrounding temperature. This plug is connected to a pin which in turn is connected to a valve. The valve gradually closes as the temperature of the surrounding area increases, limiting the amount of hot water entering the radiator. This allows a maximum temperature to be set for each room. As the valve works by sensing the temperature of the air surrounding it, it is important to ensure that it is not covered by material (such as curtains). If the controller is removed from the valve the valve turns on and the radiator will always be hot. TRVs should not be installed in the same room where the boiler thermostat is installed. The replacement of a manual heat...
  • How do Thermostatic Radiator Valves Work? 2022-11-07
    The thermostatic radiator valve head is a quintessential piece of radiator technology. It is one of the many possible heating controls for modulating air temp across rooms. And due to its great value and easy function, it’s one of the most popular. You will find or fit your TRV on the side of your radiator, and correct set-up enables you to maximise a single boiler and enjoy different heats across different rooms. The TRV is a valve that self-regulates, meaning it adjusts the flow of water into your radiator depending on the setting. The thermostatic valve head goes on top of the valve body. And as the room temperature changes, the valve head expands, adjusting a pin in the valve body so that it opens or closes. Expansion as the room heats blocks the valve body to receive less hot water into the radiator. Contraction as the room cools opens the valve body to receive more hot water into the radiator. TRVs come in two main designs. They can be either wax or liquid models, with liqu...
  • Controlling Steam Radiators 2022-11-14
    While studying for his Ph.D. in electrical engineering at Columbia University six or seven years ago, Marshall Cox regulated his room’s temperature in winter the way most New Yorkers with steam radiators do. He opened a window.   But then his twin brother, Jeremy, moved to New York to dance in “Come Fly Away” on Broadway. His brother complained “incessantly,” Mr. Cox said, that “it was boiling, or freezing, many times both over the course of a night.” It drove Marshall Cox to invent the Cozy, a radiator cover that can contain the warmth in an overheated room and shift it to an underheated room. The Cozy, which Mr. Cox has described as a “glorified oven mitt” and which is being sold on a limited basis, went on to win a $220,000 M.I.T. Clean Energy Prize in 2012.   The Cozy’s victory is understandable. It addresses a problem that has afflicted New Yorkers since the early 1900s, when oversize radiators were necessitated...
  • Smart thermostatic valves based heat generator control to cut heating bills 2022-11-14
    The following work aims at demonstrating how a smart thermostatic (radiator) valve network can be used to reduce heating costs by controlling the heat generator (heat-pump, gas boiler, ...) in a more efficient way. Currently, a large proportion of heat generators is controlled by the means of a heating curve, or a similar rule-based logic that mostly rely on outdoor temperature or single point indoor temperature measurements. These simple control laws are in general commissioned to minimize the number of complaints of “cold users”. This results in high forward temperatures, that are energetically non-optimal as they create increased losses in the piping network and also have a negative impact on the heat generator efficiency.  In the proposed data driven approach, a controller was developed to ensure that the radiators receive fluid with the lowest temperature possible, while satisfying the heating needs. To achieve this goal, smart thermostatic valves are used to moni...
  • How to choosing Zigbee or Z-Wave radiator valve (TRV) 2022-11-14
    Z-Wave radiator thermostats allow you to wirelessly control individual radiators. Each radiator can have it's temperature set and changed throughout the day - manually via a smartphone or based on timed schedules. The Z-Wave radiator valves allow you to have different parts of the house at different temperatures through the day, as you need it. You no longer need to heat empty rooms.   The Z-Wave radiator thermostats are fitted within minutes, they simply replace the existing TRV, no need to drain the system. Once installed they operate just like other Z-Wave devices, such as Z-Wave thermostats, as part of your Z-Wave smart home automation system allowing you to control them wirelessly from wherever you are. Or, you can use other features of the Z-Wave system to control them automatically based on time of day, or from other devices such as Z-Wave Sensors. This enables you bring smart central heating control to your home using your Z-Wave system.   If you've got questions abou...
  • Thermostatic radiator valve 2022-11-17
    Thermostatic radiator valve A thermostatic radiator valve (TRV) is a self-regulating valve fitted to hot water heating system radiator, to control the temperature of a room by changing the flow of hot water to the radiator.   Conventional wax motor TRVa The classic thermostatic radiator valve contains a plug, typically made of wax (forming a wax motor), which expands or contracts with the surrounding temperature. This plug is connected to a pin which in turn is connected to a valve. The valve gradually closes as the temperature of the surrounding area increases, limiting the amount of hot water entering the radiator. This allows a maximum temperature to be set for each room.   As the valve works by sensing the temperature of the air surrounding it, it is important to ensure that it is not covered by material (such as curtains). If the controller is removed from the valve, the valve turns on and the radiator will always be hot.   Interaction with room thermostats Thermost...
  • The best smart radiator valves 2022 2022-11-17
    To control your heating from your phone on a room-by-room basis, you'll need a smart radiator valve (thermostatic radiator valve or TRV). Here are our recommendations.   There’s a reason smart heating is growing in popularity. Not only will it give you more control over the temperature in your home – so it’s always warm when you want it to be – but you can easily monitor your heat and potentially make savings on your energy bills. Still, we’d advise that you take manufacturers’ money-saving claims with a pinch of salt.   If you’re buying an entire smart heating system, it’ll take some time to recoup the cost of the tech but a smart radiator valve is a much smaller investment. Each one will allow you to control a single room, which means you can schedule heating so that it’s warm when it needs to be and no heat is wasted the rest of the time.   Being able to see the temperature clearly on your phone screen or on the de...
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